Integrand size = 18, antiderivative size = 316 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (2+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x \left (3 a+2 b-(a-4 b) x^2\right )}{28 \left (2+x^2+x^4\right )}-\frac {1}{56} \sqrt {\frac {1}{14} \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )} \left (\left (11-\sqrt {2}\right ) a-\left (2-4 \sqrt {2}\right ) b\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}-2 x}{\sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {2}}}\right )+\frac {1}{56} \sqrt {\frac {1}{14} \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )} \left (\left (11-\sqrt {2}\right ) a-\left (2-4 \sqrt {2}\right ) b\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}+2 x}{\sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {2}}}\right )-\frac {\left (11 a+\sqrt {2} (a-4 b)-2 b\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {2}-\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2\right )}{112 \sqrt {2 \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}}+\frac {\left (\left (11+\sqrt {2}\right ) a-2 \left (b+2 \sqrt {2} b\right )\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {2}+\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2\right )}{112 \sqrt {2 \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}} \]
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Time = 0.20 (sec) , antiderivative size = 316, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 10, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.333, Rules used = {1192, 1183, 648, 632, 210, 642} \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (2+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=-\frac {1}{56} \sqrt {\frac {1}{14} \left (2 \sqrt {2}-1\right )} \left (\left (11-\sqrt {2}\right ) a-\left (2-4 \sqrt {2}\right ) b\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2 \sqrt {2}-1}-2 x}{\sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {2}}}\right )+\frac {1}{56} \sqrt {\frac {1}{14} \left (2 \sqrt {2}-1\right )} \left (\left (11-\sqrt {2}\right ) a-\left (2-4 \sqrt {2}\right ) b\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {2 x+\sqrt {2 \sqrt {2}-1}}{\sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {2}}}\right )-\frac {\left (\sqrt {2} (a-4 b)+11 a-2 b\right ) \log \left (x^2-\sqrt {2 \sqrt {2}-1} x+\sqrt {2}\right )}{112 \sqrt {2 \left (2 \sqrt {2}-1\right )}}+\frac {\left (\left (11+\sqrt {2}\right ) a-2 \left (2 \sqrt {2} b+b\right )\right ) \log \left (x^2+\sqrt {2 \sqrt {2}-1} x+\sqrt {2}\right )}{112 \sqrt {2 \left (2 \sqrt {2}-1\right )}}+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (a-4 b)\right )+3 a+2 b\right )}{28 \left (x^4+x^2+2\right )} \]
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Rule 210
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 1183
Rule 1192
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {x \left (3 a+2 b-(a-4 b) x^2\right )}{28 \left (2+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {1}{28} \int \frac {11 a-2 b+(-a+4 b) x^2}{2+x^2+x^4} \, dx \\ & = \frac {x \left (3 a+2 b-(a-4 b) x^2\right )}{28 \left (2+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} (11 a-2 b)-\left (11 a-2 b-\sqrt {2} (-a+4 b)\right ) x}{\sqrt {2}-\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx}{56 \sqrt {2 \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}}+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} (11 a-2 b)+\left (11 a-2 b-\sqrt {2} (-a+4 b)\right ) x}{\sqrt {2}+\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx}{56 \sqrt {2 \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}} \\ & = \frac {x \left (3 a+2 b-(a-4 b) x^2\right )}{28 \left (2+x^2+x^4\right )}-\frac {\left (11 a+\sqrt {2} (a-4 b)-2 b\right ) \int \frac {-\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}+2 x}{\sqrt {2}-\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx}{112 \sqrt {2 \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}}+\frac {\left (\left (11-\sqrt {2}\right ) a-\left (2-4 \sqrt {2}\right ) b\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2}-\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx}{112 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\left (\left (11-\sqrt {2}\right ) a-\left (2-4 \sqrt {2}\right ) b\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2}+\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx}{112 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\left (\left (11+\sqrt {2}\right ) a-2 \left (b+2 \sqrt {2} b\right )\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}+2 x}{\sqrt {2}+\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx}{112 \sqrt {2 \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}} \\ & = \frac {x \left (3 a+2 b-(a-4 b) x^2\right )}{28 \left (2+x^2+x^4\right )}-\frac {\left (11 a+\sqrt {2} (a-4 b)-2 b\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {2}-\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2\right )}{112 \sqrt {2 \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}}+\frac {\left (\left (11+\sqrt {2}\right ) a-2 \left (b+2 \sqrt {2} b\right )\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {2}+\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2\right )}{112 \sqrt {2 \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}}-\frac {\left (\left (11-\sqrt {2}\right ) a-\left (2-4 \sqrt {2}\right ) b\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-2 \sqrt {2}-x^2} \, dx,x,-\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}+2 x\right )}{56 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\left (\left (11-\sqrt {2}\right ) a-\left (2-4 \sqrt {2}\right ) b\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-2 \sqrt {2}-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}+2 x\right )}{56 \sqrt {2}} \\ & = \frac {x \left (3 a+2 b-(a-4 b) x^2\right )}{28 \left (2+x^2+x^4\right )}-\frac {\left (\left (11-\sqrt {2}\right ) a-\left (2-4 \sqrt {2}\right ) b\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}-2 x}{\sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {2}}}\right )}{56 \sqrt {2 \left (1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}}+\frac {\left (\left (11-\sqrt {2}\right ) a-\left (2-4 \sqrt {2}\right ) b\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}+2 x}{\sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {2}}}\right )}{56 \sqrt {2 \left (1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}}-\frac {\left (11 a+\sqrt {2} (a-4 b)-2 b\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {2}-\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2\right )}{112 \sqrt {2 \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}}+\frac {\left (\left (11+\sqrt {2}\right ) a-2 \left (b+2 \sqrt {2} b\right )\right ) \log \left (\sqrt {2}+\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}} x+x^2\right )}{112 \sqrt {2 \left (-1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}} \\ \end{align*}
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 166, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.53 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (2+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {3 a x+2 b x-a x^3+4 b x^3}{28 \left (2+x^2+x^4\right )}-\frac {\left (\left (23 i+\sqrt {7}\right ) a-4 \left (2 i+\sqrt {7}\right ) b\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {7}\right )}}\right )}{28 \sqrt {14-14 i \sqrt {7}}}-\frac {\left (\left (-23 i+\sqrt {7}\right ) a-4 \left (-2 i+\sqrt {7}\right ) b\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {7}\right )}}\right )}{28 \sqrt {14+14 i \sqrt {7}}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 0.40 (sec) , antiderivative size = 82, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.26
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {\left (\frac {b}{7}-\frac {a}{28}\right ) x^{3}+\left (\frac {b}{14}+\frac {3 a}{28}\right ) x}{x^{4}+x^{2}+2}+\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+\textit {\_Z}^{2}+2\right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\left (-a +4 b \right ) \textit {\_R}^{2}-2 b +11 a \right ) \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{2 \textit {\_R}^{3}+\textit {\_R}}\right )}{56}\) | \(82\) |
default | \(\frac {\frac {\left (-14 a -28 \sqrt {2}\, a +112 b \sqrt {2}+56 b \right ) x}{1+2 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, \left (-70 a -42 \sqrt {2}\, a +56 b \sqrt {2}+28 b \right )}{1+2 \sqrt {2}}}{784 x \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}+784 x^{2}+784 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\frac {\left (107 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, \sqrt {2}\, a -50 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, \sqrt {2}\, b +106 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, a -88 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, b \right ) \ln \left (x^{2}+\sqrt {2}+x \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\right )}{2}+\frac {2 \left (308 a +77 \sqrt {2}\, a -56 b -14 b \sqrt {2}-\frac {\left (107 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, \sqrt {2}\, a -50 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, \sqrt {2}\, b +106 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, a -88 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, b \right ) \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}}{2}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {2 x +\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}}{\sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {2}}}}{784+1568 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {-\frac {\left (-14 a -28 \sqrt {2}\, a +112 b \sqrt {2}+56 b \right ) x}{1+2 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, \left (-70 a -42 \sqrt {2}\, a +56 b \sqrt {2}+28 b \right )}{1+2 \sqrt {2}}}{784 \left (x^{2}+\sqrt {2}-x \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\right )}-\frac {\frac {\left (107 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, \sqrt {2}\, a -50 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, \sqrt {2}\, b +106 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, a -88 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, b \right ) \ln \left (x^{2}+\sqrt {2}-x \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\right )}{2}+\frac {2 \left (-77 \sqrt {2}\, a +14 b \sqrt {2}-308 a +56 b +\frac {\left (107 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, \sqrt {2}\, a -50 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, \sqrt {2}\, b +106 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, a -88 \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}\, b \right ) \sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}}{2}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {2 x -\sqrt {-1+2 \sqrt {2}}}{\sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {2}}}}{784 \left (1+2 \sqrt {2}\right )}\) | \(605\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 953 vs. \(2 (235) = 470\).
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 953, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.02 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (2+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=-\frac {28 \, {\left (a - 4 \, b\right )} x^{3} + \sqrt {7} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 2\right )} \sqrt {211 \, a^{2} - 428 \, a b + 100 \, b^{2} + 7 \, \sqrt {7} \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}}} \log \left (-8 \, {\left (1139 \, a^{4} - 1169 \, a^{3} b + 318 \, a^{2} b^{2} + 124 \, a b^{3} - 88 \, b^{4}\right )} x + \sqrt {211 \, a^{2} - 428 \, a b + 100 \, b^{2} + 7 \, \sqrt {7} \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}}} {\left (\sqrt {7} {\left (187 \, a^{3} - 78 \, a^{2} b - 36 \, a b^{2} + 8 \, b^{3}\right )} + 3 \, \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}} {\left (5 \, a - 6 \, b\right )}\right )}\right ) - \sqrt {7} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 2\right )} \sqrt {211 \, a^{2} - 428 \, a b + 100 \, b^{2} + 7 \, \sqrt {7} \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}}} \log \left (-8 \, {\left (1139 \, a^{4} - 1169 \, a^{3} b + 318 \, a^{2} b^{2} + 124 \, a b^{3} - 88 \, b^{4}\right )} x - \sqrt {211 \, a^{2} - 428 \, a b + 100 \, b^{2} + 7 \, \sqrt {7} \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}}} {\left (\sqrt {7} {\left (187 \, a^{3} - 78 \, a^{2} b - 36 \, a b^{2} + 8 \, b^{3}\right )} + 3 \, \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}} {\left (5 \, a - 6 \, b\right )}\right )}\right ) + \sqrt {7} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 2\right )} \sqrt {211 \, a^{2} - 428 \, a b + 100 \, b^{2} - 7 \, \sqrt {7} \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}}} \log \left (-8 \, {\left (1139 \, a^{4} - 1169 \, a^{3} b + 318 \, a^{2} b^{2} + 124 \, a b^{3} - 88 \, b^{4}\right )} x + \sqrt {211 \, a^{2} - 428 \, a b + 100 \, b^{2} - 7 \, \sqrt {7} \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}}} {\left (\sqrt {7} {\left (187 \, a^{3} - 78 \, a^{2} b - 36 \, a b^{2} + 8 \, b^{3}\right )} - 3 \, \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}} {\left (5 \, a - 6 \, b\right )}\right )}\right ) - \sqrt {7} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 2\right )} \sqrt {211 \, a^{2} - 428 \, a b + 100 \, b^{2} - 7 \, \sqrt {7} \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}}} \log \left (-8 \, {\left (1139 \, a^{4} - 1169 \, a^{3} b + 318 \, a^{2} b^{2} + 124 \, a b^{3} - 88 \, b^{4}\right )} x - \sqrt {211 \, a^{2} - 428 \, a b + 100 \, b^{2} - 7 \, \sqrt {7} \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}}} {\left (\sqrt {7} {\left (187 \, a^{3} - 78 \, a^{2} b - 36 \, a b^{2} + 8 \, b^{3}\right )} - 3 \, \sqrt {-289 \, a^{4} + 136 \, a^{3} b + 120 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 32 \, a b^{3} - 16 \, b^{4}} {\left (5 \, a - 6 \, b\right )}\right )}\right ) - 28 \, {\left (3 \, a + 2 \, b\right )} x}{784 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 2\right )}} \]
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Time = 0.92 (sec) , antiderivative size = 165, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.52 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (2+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x^{3} \left (- a + 4 b\right ) + x \left (3 a + 2 b\right )}{28 x^{4} + 28 x^{2} + 56} + \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (240945152 t^{4} + t^{2} \left (- 1157968 a^{2} + 2348864 a b - 548800 b^{2}\right ) + 4489 a^{4} - 7102 a^{3} b + 5757 a^{2} b^{2} - 2332 a b^{3} + 484 b^{4}, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (x + \frac {2634240 t^{3} a - 3161088 t^{3} b + 11996 t a^{3} + 12792 t a^{2} b - 21936 t a b^{2} + 4384 t b^{3}}{1139 a^{4} - 1169 a^{3} b + 318 a^{2} b^{2} + 124 a b^{3} - 88 b^{4}} \right )} \right )\right )} \]
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\[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (2+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\int { \frac {b x^{2} + a}{{\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 2\right )}^{2}} \,d x } \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 1112 vs. \(2 (235) = 470\).
Time = 0.57 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1112, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.52 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (2+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
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Time = 13.52 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1491, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.72 \[ \int \frac {a+b x^2}{\left (2+x^2+x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
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